Are people influence changes or changes influence people?

We are discussing changes in every article. We already got it — everything is changing. Redesign — side effect of changes. And if one part is changing, then the chain of changes starts.

What influence what? Are people influence changes or changes influence people?

Developing web-page, good to remember — people will not like changes immediately, they need time to accept it. Doesn’t matter if it is new design, new icon color or new effective tool to use. We need time.

Who tells the timing? When companies understood, that it is time to change the icon color? Who tells, that this color is not reliable or modern now? With technologies it is the flow, right? Creating one technology, we are preventing old problems, but questioning the new ones. 

Speaking about icon or font color, web-page or app, people are providing changes. Artist, art director of big company influence smaller through people’s review. Smaller wants to imitate bigger. We are following trends, fashion, that one person create and couple of others support. In total, one person brings the idea,  but change itself — widespread it. 

Following the thought, why we deciding to widespread the idea of one person, we don’t even know? Because brand stays in foreground of this person? Or we just like changes? They give us the filling of movement? That we live our life? That it is not boring and we actually have a flow?

And more people widespread the idea, the more mainstream it appears to be, the more we like it. Herd instinct? Fear of being different from the crowd? Doesn’t we want to be unique? Or at least the best? 

I suppose, that changes influence people, we don’t pay attention on it, in most of the times. But they do, slightly. At the same time, from the other side of straight line is people opinion. I mean, people give feedback to the technologies, changes and new inventions. If those feedback processed in a right way, and it usually does, then listening to it, new technologies are invented. But not in the way people suppose they want it, but in the way they need it. 

Do we know what we need? We think so. But we don’t really know how to define our thoughts. They are different from what we need. Different design experiments have shown that people do not really know what they are talking about. Do you remember implementation of new Instagram app icon? People were so shocked, they tell it ugly, non-modern and, of course, previous one was much better! In a week they change their opinion. Same with Mail group. They slightly change the icon color twice. First time to the lighter blue. And in couple of years to the neon-blue. People were hating both colors. Why?

Why is bad question. Or wrong. It kinda should give the wider idea about things, but it stands us us in front of the new questions, we have no idea about. Cave with no bottom.


Someone from famous people said, that the only unchangeable thing in this world — changes. The world around us changes radically, our life is changing, we are changing, and, unknown what comes first. Either changes occur in us, and exactly they are the reason for new plot for our lives.  Either our lives, developing in certain rules, force us to change.

Comparative Analysis of fake and proper Fact-Checking Sites #P3

In the third blog entry of this series fake-news websites will be shown to be compared later on. After doing some research, I found a list of websites, who spread fake or misleading news on wikipedia. Most of them were already taken down by the authorities, but some of them still exist and others are just there to redirect you to another weird news or advertisement website. Here is an overview of some of those pages:

70 News.

https://goi70.com/news

The first thing I want to mention about these websites is that there is not only false or misleading information on there. Most of the stories published are true to some extent, but every once in a while you will find misleading content on there. 70 News, for example, published a false news story, stating that Donald Trump had won the popular vote in the 2016 United States presidential election; the fake story rose to the top in searches for “final election results” on Google News.

Before It’s News.

https://beforeitsnews.com/

This site claims to be a people-powered news site, which published news way before the mainstream media does, but a lot of the content is misleading or completely bogus information. Before It’s News and InfoWars were described as “unabashedly unhinged ‘news’ sites” in 2014 by The Washington Post following its promotion of conspiracy theories relating to Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.

InfoWars.

https://www.infowars.com/

So it does not take long to figure out what this site tries to achieve with the way they present their content. InfoWars is an American far-right, conspiracy theory and fake news website owned by Alex Jones. It was founded in 1999, and operates under Free Speech Systems LLC.

Fake Bild.de

https://www.news-bitcoin.club/news/index-code.php?lpkey=16ac17bf975b08a028&uclick=x9ejhqkt&uclickhash=x9ejhqkt-x9ejhqkt-gxfe-0-3z0-u3kt-hoa9-ef5864

The picture shown above is also a real common way of hoax and false news spreaders (this time in germany). It is really hard to distinguish between the real and the fake news site. This is called mimicing, where they take a real trustworthy website and just recreate the design under another domain. Most of the time you will not get this site in a google result. To get there you enter another seemingly normal news site and get redirected to a certain domain. Here is a picture of the real Bild.de website to make it more clear:

https://www.bild.de/

Daily Buzz Live.

http://dailybuzzlive.com/

This website is dedicated to bringing bizarre stories for the sole purpose of getting traffic to its website. They work with PopUps, as you can see in the picture and these kind of sites create mostly bogus stories and claims. To be fair, if you have some experience with the world wide wed, you will not take this website seriously.

Global Research.

https://www.globalresearch.ca/

Last but not least, this is the most dangerous form of false information websites, because it mimics other fact-checking sites and creates a common disbelieve in every website there is. Wikipedia states: “Principal website of the Centre for Research on Globalization, which The Economist in April 2017 called “a hub for conspiracy theories and fake stories,” and NATO information warfare specialists in November 2017 linked to a concerted effort to undermine the credibility of mainstream Western media.” Despite this information the website is still online and still spreading misleading content through the world wide web.

So these are just a few examples of what is actually out there and everyday I find something new. This is not a new phenomenon, as I already explained in a prior post, but it is a massively growing industry and it is just there to manipulate people. Next up is a comparison of these pages with real fact-checking sites and how there are differences in their design language, usability and so on.

If you want to know more false information spreading sites, here is a link to a list:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fake_news_websites

Using meditation for reducing stress, anxiety and depression

Virtual Reality Should Be Considered As a Helpful Tool for Mental Health – Virtual  Reality and Mental Health

In the last months, I have research VR in medicine, in specific into the psychotherapy field. I wanted to design environments to treat stress, anxiety and depression using VR as a method. Despite the VR technologies demonstrate it is effective for these kinds of treatments is barely use. Making me think about what is wrong with it.

What I use to reduce stress levels

Trying to get away from the medicine to get a clear view of another way to help people using VR, I decided to ask my self “What I do to reduce my stress and anxiety?”.

7 Tips To Get Started With Meditation - Key Person of Influence

The answer is simple I use meditation. I have practised meditation for more than 5 years and it helps me to keep my stress levels down and it gives me time to cure myself in a different way.

The main problem of these is that people don’t know how to meditate. What I want now is to make a guide VR app for meditation for people that have the intention to learn and to calm down.

Benefits of meditation

There are a number of benefits that come from practising meditation. These can include:

  • Reducing stress. One of the most popular reasons that people meditate is to lower stress levels, and according to science, meditation does just that. According to a 2014 study,Trusted Source practicing meditation can lower levels of psychological stress and is helpful for overall well-being.
  • Improving sleep. If you have insomnia, one study shows that people who meditate are able to improve on their sleep schedules.
  • Helping with addictions. Since meditation typically requires a fair amount of self-awareness and discipline, researchTrusted Source shows that the practice can help acknowledge and avoid triggers.
  • Decreasing blood pressure. Meditation is very relaxing, and that relaxation may helpTrusted Source to lower blood pressure since your body is not responding to stress as often as it usually would.

Types of meditation

Meditation is an umbrella term for the many ways to a relaxed state of being. There are many types of meditation and relaxation techniques that have meditation components. All share the same goal of achieving inner peace.

Ways to meditate can include:

  • Guided meditation. Sometimes called guided imagery or visualization, with this method of meditation you form mental images of places or situations you find relaxing.You try to use as many senses as possible, such as smells, sights, sounds and textures. You may be led through this process by a guide or teacher.
  • Mantra meditation. In this type of meditation, you silently repeat a calming word, thought or phrase to prevent distracting thoughts.
  • Mindfulness meditation. This type of meditation is based on being mindful, or having an increased awareness and acceptance of living in the present moment.In mindfulness meditation, you broaden your conscious awareness. You focus on what you experience during meditation, such as the flow of your breath. You can observe your thoughts and emotions, but let them pass without judgment.
  • Qi gong. This practice generally combines meditation, relaxation, physical movement and breathing exercises to restore and maintain balance. Qi gong (CHEE-gung) is part of traditional Chinese medicine.
  • Tai chi. This is a form of gentle Chinese martial arts. In tai chi (TIE-CHEE), you perform a self-paced series of postures or movements in a slow, graceful manner while practicing deep breathing.
  • Transcendental Meditation®. Transcendental Meditation is a simple, natural technique. In Transcendental Meditation, you silently repeat a personally assigned mantra, such as a word, sound or phrase, in a specific way.This form of meditation may allow your body to settle into a state of profound rest and relaxation and your mind to achieve a state of inner peace, without needing to use concentration or effort.
  • Yoga. You perform a series of postures and controlled breathing exercises to promote a more flexible body and a calm mind. As you move through poses that require balance and concentration, you’re encouraged to focus less on your busy day and more on the moment.

Sources:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-20045858

https://www.insider.com/benefits-of-meditation

https://www.mindful.org/how-to-meditate/

Comparative Analysis of fake and proper Fact-Checking Sites #P2

This blog entries will be about user experience. To achieve a qualitativ result, a survey about fact checking websites and their credibility, design and overall usability will be conducted later in the process.

First, questions need to be defined and certain fact-checking sites need to be evaluated. After doing some research and according to ISTE and LWF the following sites are some of the most used and trusted, especially for students and journalists:

Fact Check.

https://www.factcheck.org/

This nonpartisan, nonprofit project of the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania monitors the factual accuracy of what is said by U.S. political players, including politicians, TV ads, debates, interviews and news releases.

Media Matters.

https://www.mediamatters.org/

This nonprofit and self-described liberal-leaning research center monitors and corrects conservative misinformation in the media.

Truth or Fiction.

https://www.truthorfiction.com/

This nonpartisan website where Internet users can quickly and easily get information about eRumors, fake news, disinformation, warnings, offers, requests for help, myths, hoaxes, virus warnings, and humorous or inspirational stories that are circulated by email.

Open Secrets.

https://www.opensecrets.org/

This nonpartisan, independent and nonprofit website run by the Center for Responsive Politics tracks how much and where candidates get their money.

Politifact.

https://www.politifact.com/

This Pulitzer Prize winning website rates the accuracy of claims by elected officials. Run by editors and reporters from the independent newspaper Tampa Bay Times, Politicfact features the Truth-O-Meter, which was already mentioned in previous posts, that rates statements as “True,” “Mostly True,” “Half True,” “False,” and “Pants on Fire.”

ProPublica.

https://www.propublica.org/

This independent, nonprofit newsroom has won several Pulitzer Prizes, including the 2016 Prize for Explanatory Reporting. ProPublica produces investigative journalism in the public interest.

Snopes.

https://www.snopes.com/

This independent, nonpartisan website run by professional researcher and writer David Mikkelson researches urban legends and other rumors. It is often the first to set the facts straight on wild fake news claims.

The Sunlight Foundation.

https://sunlightfoundation.com/

This nonpartisan, nonprofit organization uses public policy data-based journalism to make politics more transparent and accountable.

Washington Post Fact Checker.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/?utm_term=.6f68b1246a31

Although the Washington Post has a left-center bias, its checks are excellent and sourced. The bias shows up because they fact check conservative claims more than liberal ones.

AP Fact Check.

https://apnews.com/hub/ap-fact-check

AP Fact Check from one of Media Bias Fact Check’s least-biased sources, focuses on fact checking political claims and publishes. IFCN Signatory.

Lead Stories.

https://leadstories.com/

Lead Stories uses the Trendolizer to track story trends and debunk fake news before it becomes viral. They are often the first to debunk outrageous claims with “hoax alerts.” MBFC rates it as dead-center least biased and very high on factual reporting. IFCN signatory.

Media Bias/Fact Check.

https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/

Media Bias Fact Check (MBFC) is a fact-checking page, which relies strictly on signatories of the International Fact Checking Network (IFCN) when evaluating the political/factual bias of 3,100+ media sources (left, center-left, least biased, center-right, right, pro-science, conspiracy and pseudo-science, questionable sources, and satire). It includes the methodology used to classify each source. Sources rated very high or high on factual reporting have proper sourcing and a clean fact check record. 

Next step is to find Fake News Sites and then conduct a few interviews with participants following a schematic questionnaire about the previously described propper fact-checking sites and the in the next post listed hoax, misleading or false information spreading sites.

THE MANDALORIAN’s Virtual Sets Are Wild

by Kyle Anderson

The Mandalorian quickly rose in our collective fan hearts with its look, its action, and its tiniest bounty. It just right away felt like Star Wars, and a lot of that was down to how gorgeous and seamless the settings looked. We believed Mando was on a desert planet fighting Jawas, or collecting a bounty on a bleak, barren tundra. But those planets don’t exist, not really. However, they almost do. As a new video from Industrial Light & Magic discloses, the “sets” for The Mandalorian were about as real as they could get. Without actually heading to a galaxy some indeterminate distance away.

As creator Jon Favreau explains, The Mandalorian wasn’t just real to us at home; the locations were there for the actors and crew, too. ILM worked with Epic Games on this project. Using “game engine, real-time render, and video wall technology” they projected whatever backdrop they wanted in a 360-degree, virtual set. LED screens right the way ’round. The set moved when the actors or camera moved so it always appeared in the proper dimensions. It all came together in a massive room on a soundstage, but it looked like a million locations.

Unlike most CGI or bluescreen-heavy productions, which add in the effects and cool knickknacks after the fact, Favreau and ILM made the environments “live” and basically interactable. The camera picks up the actors in physical space and the virtual, real-time background at the same time. And the backgrounds can be ready for projection 24 hours after finalization. That makes something like a television series go so much faster, and it’s why we can have a second season of the effects-heavy show ready by the end of this year.

This cave from The Mandalorian was just an LED screen. Amazing.

Lucasfilm/ILM

It’s truly mind-boggling, the scale of it all. They’d use the virtual environment to light the actors and props, and if the shot didn’t look right, they’d just pivot the environment. Werner Herzog‘s office was a virtual set! It looked perfectly seamless. Eventually, Favreau explained, they would start designing environments that would look best with the engine. For example, the interior of the space station from “Chapter 6: The Prisoner,” in which they built part of Mando’s ship but everything else was virtual. Ming-Na Wen sitting on a rock in the desert an episode prior? Yep, virtual. They didn’t go to the desert at all.

This is a true game-changer for sci-fi and fantasy storytelling. While there’s absolutely something magical about a real location, moving production to remote places on Earth is very tough. So instead, why not take full 360-degree shots of those locations, like Iceland for example, so they’re “real” but then project them when it comes time to actually film? It’s a very controlled way to make things, but it also ensures the director gets the exact shot they want while the actors have real things to act against.

AudioMulch

AudioMulch is, somehow, a forgotten, yet incredibly powerful, music software/sound design tool developed by Ross Bencina in Melbourne.

“It is software for live performance, audio processing,
sound design and music composition.”

It brings together elements of tradition analogue routing with effects and control options only possible within the computer.

It has a Patcher Interface similar to PureData/MaxMSP, which allows you to think and compose your music in a non-linear way, thanks to his improvisational signal flow approach.

A great feature of this software is the MetaSurface, a powerful tool for gestural control that turns AudioMulch into an expressive musical instrument. This surface has no virtual knobs and fader, it’s designed specifically for performing music with a computer. Instead of having to turn one knob at a time with the mouse, the Metasurface lets you blend smoothly between dozens of parameter settings on a two dimensional plane. (You can even automate and loop your Metasurface gestures.)

It also has multichannel input and output (up to 256). So you can use it as a multi track recorder, live mixer, to spatialize and diffuse music for surround sound and so on.

(An amazing granulator is also featured!)

Many artists have used it, such as Nine Inch Nails, Four Tet and Girl Talk.

There is just one problem, the last update for AudioMulch was in July 2013, this means that no 64-bit plugins can work. Some rumors say there should be a 64-bit beta for Mac and Windows soon, we’ll see

Reference

www.audiomulch.com

Sensors Part II: Touch Sensor

Trill-Touch Sensoren

The Trill Sensors are made to interact with the world by using your hands. It tracks the finger movement very precisely by using capacitive touch sensors. Different types of these sensors are available for example a Bar, Ring or a Square which I am using on my Kalimba. The sensors are compatible with a wide range of different microcontrollers that support the so called I2C communication protocol.

I2C Communication

This protocol provides a convenient method of passing messages to, and getting data from, a network of sensors and devices. It allows you to not only connect one sensor per input, but instead you can connect multiple devices to one controller and requires only two wires for the communication.

Every device must have a unique I2C address, especially when more devices are connected to the same bus. To initialize a trill sensor in Pure data there has to be given a sensor ID, the i2c bus that the sensor is connected, which device, the mode and the address of the sensor. (Bela, 2021)

Initializing Trill Sensor; Source: bela.io

After successful initializing the sensor we can read from it through r bela_trill object. By using the square sensor the incoming data is formatted as a list with the following items: number of touches, x axes, y axes, size.

Read from Trill Sensor; Source: bela.io

Extended Reality in the Automotive Industry | part 1

Reality – Virtuality Continuum

The Reality-Virtuality Continuum is very well-known and was already defined in 1994 by Paul Milgram. His paper “A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays” focused on Mixed Reality (MR) visual displays. He described MR as a

“subset of Virtual Reality (VR) related technologies that involve the merging of real and virtual worlds somewhere along the ‘virtuality continuum’ which connects completely real environments to completely virtual ones.”

Paul Milgram, 1994

source: https://virtualrealitypop.com/war-of-ar-vr-mr-xr-words-e2582ec0115a

His virtuality continuum explains the different steps in the transition from real environments on one end to completely virtual and computer-generated environments on the other end. Although these terms have already been officially defined, some of them are still not used correctly.

Extended Reality (XR) 

The term Extended Reality (XR) is relatively new. Sometimes it is also described as Cross Reality or X-Reality. It is an umbrella term for all combinations of real and virtual environments that are currently existing. XR will also include all immersive technologies that get developed in the future. Extended Reality technologies are already in use in several industries. Because they are also continuously getting cheaper and better they will be used even more in the future. The most popular XR technologies at the moment are Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR).

source: https://softengi.com/blog/xr-technologies-guiding-light-for-remote-consulting/

Mixed Reality (MR)

Mixed Reality is often used interchangeably with Augmented Reality (AR) but that’s wrong. It is an umbrella term for everything between the real world and the virtual world – including Augmented and Virtual Reality. MR blends the real world with the virtual world and creates complex environments. Because of these similarities, it is also hard to distinguish AR, VR and MR devices and applications. The most popular Mixed Reality device is the Microsoft HoloLens.

source: https://news.microsoft.com/de-de/microsoft-erklaert-was-ist-mixed-reality-definition-funktionen/

Augmented Reality (AR)

Augmented Reality describes a real-world with an overlay of computer-generated information. Because there is no immersion into a virtual world, the real environment is still the center of information. The real world is just expanded with a projection of animations, infographics, videos, images, 3D objects, or other digital content. Currently, there are four different types of Augmented Reality devices:

  • Head-up displays – used in modern cars
  • Holographic displays – for example from Samsung
  • Smart glasses – Google Glass
  • Handheld AR – modern smartphone and tablet cameras

But existing smart glasses and holographic displays are still expensive and therefore also not available to a lot of people. According to different sources, it will take at least 5 to 10 more years until AR technology is mature enough and available for everybody. Augmented Reality is currently mainly used for games like Pokémon GO or image filters on Snapchat and Instagram but this technology has a lot more potential for all industries.

source: https://tekdeeps.com/the-ar-iphone-screen-on-apple-glass-to-protect-your-privacy/

Augmented Virtuality (AV)

Augmented Virtuality (AV) is one of the lesser-known immersive technologies. It is also a Mixed Reality technology and is situated between AR and VR on the Reality – Virtuality Continuum. Most of the time, AV applications and devices are just described as Mixed Reality. The term Augmented Virtuality is almost exclusively used in scientific papers. Examples for AV include computer games with real players, virtual concerts with real artists and real people on virtual backgrounds in video conference calls.

Virtual Reality (VR)

Virtual Reality is generally achieved with a head-mounted display and describes a fully immersive experience in a completely virtual world with no real objects. VR systems are using hardware, software, sensors and displays to create a computer-generated environment and allow the user to move in this world. With the help of controllers, it is also possible to move objects, arms or guns. Virtual Reality is currently mainly used for playing games but it also has a lot of potential for the health sector, the military, engineers and other industries.

„Virtual Reality refers to immersive, interactive, multi-sensory, viewer-centered, three-dimensional computer-generated environments and the combination of technologies required to build these environments.“

(Carolina Cruz-Neira, SIGGRAPH ’93 Course Notes „Virtual Reality Overview“)

This video shows a perfect example of a VR Game (Beat Saber) in an AV Video. The player is just able to see the boxes, scores and lightsabers during the playing experience but we can see an AV Video with the player in front of the virtual world.

Resources

Books

Virtual und Augmented Reality (VR/AR), Grundlagen und Methoden der Virtuellen und Augmentierten Realität from Ralf Dörner, Wolfgang Broll, Paul Grimm, Bernhard Jung, 2019

Medieninnovationen AR und VR, Erfolgsfaktoren für die Entwicklung von Experiences from Elle Langer, 2020

Web

https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/introduction-to-virtual-reality/0/steps/98720

https://www.ionos.at/digitalguide/online-marketing/verkaufen-im-internet/extended-reality/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231514051_A_Taxonomy_of_Mixed_Reality_Visual_Displays

https://www.softwebsolutions.com/resources/best-practices-for-extended-reality.html

https://www.infopulse.com/blog/how-does-augmented-reality-affect-the-automotive-industry-today/

https://charliefink.medium.com/vr-ar-mr-defined-finally-ef255ba1002d

https://news.microsoft.com/de-de/microsoft-erklaert-was-ist-mixed-reality-definition-funktionen/

https://uxdesign.cc/augmented-reality-device-types-a7668b15bf7a

https://augray.com/blog/extended-reality-is-transforming-the-way-cars-are-bought-heres-how/

https://medium.com/@infopulseglobal_9037/augmented-reality-benefits-for-the-entire-automotive-value-chain-c2c7d61aa2e1

Stellenwert des PCs beim musikalischen Schaffen

Die Einbindung von digitalen Recording-Programmen oder die Arbeit mit Digital Audio Workstation’s (DAW) ist in dem musikalischen Schaffensprozess von Künstlern in diesem Gebiet ein zentraler Faktor. Sie lässt laut Grimmer (1991, S. 129f.) eine Identifikation mit dem selbst geschaffenen Material stattfinden und verleiht der Musik „Selbstausdruck“. Menzel (2005) erforschte dafür 22 PC-Musiker über längere Zeit, um deren Arbeitsweise zu erforschen. Die Künstler können sich seiner Meinung nach, trotz Fehler und Qualitätsmängel, mit ihrer Musik identifizieren und an dieser Qualitätsmerkmale feststellen. Trotz eventuell mangelnder Qualitätsstandards (vergleichend mit dem Industriestandart und der professionellen Arbeiten zum Vergleich), die auch vom Künstler erkannt werden, kann sich positiv dazu eingestellt werden (Menzel, 2005, S. 155). Vor allem die dabei entstehenden Lernprozesse mit der Arbeit am Computer können als bedeutsam erlebt werden, da sie Bestandteil zukünftiger musikalischer Entwicklung sind (Menzel, 2005, S. 154).

Bei einer Betrachtung des Zusammenhangs zwischen professionellem, teurem Equipment und dem Schaffensprozess beim Musikmachen, wurde bei Menzels Untersuchungen kein Unterschied erkennbar. Sowohl teure als auch billige Software ließen keine unterschiedlichen Bewertungen zu. Eine größere Erschwernis seien in diesem Fall die technischen Probleme auf die die Musiker treffen. Vielmehr ging es seinen Teilnehmern um die Bereitschaft, sich mit technischen Details zu beschäftigen, um die Probleme zu überwinden (Menzel, 2005). Jedoch kann die Arbeit am Computer mit aufwendigen Programmen den „Kreativitätsflow“ auch bremsen. Sind nach Menzel (2005) die Programme zu kompliziert, und dauert das Lösen der Probleme zu lange, tritt auch der kreative Schaffensprozess neuer Musik in den Hintergrund. Daher versuchen viele Produzenten ihr Equipment so „einfach“ wie möglich zu gestalten, um die musikalischen Ideen möglichst schnell in eine Struktur zu bekommen. Denn Probleme bei dem Umgang der Technik wirken sich dann eher demotivierend aus (Menzel, 2005, S.159).

Beim Schaffensprozess am PC gibt es nach Menzel (2005) außerdem sehr unterschiedliche Motivationen bei verschiedenen Personen. Diese können entweder durch die Selbstverwirklichung und öffentliche Präsentation von Musik angeregt werden, aber auch durch das Auseinandersetzen mit komplizierten Programmen. Dies trifft auch auf die Musikproduktion für den Eigengebrauch zu. Es kann als Hilfe und Unterstützung für die Arbeit mit analogen Instrumenten, sowie zum Modifizieren von schon vorhandenen MIDI- Sequenzen (Musical Interface Digital Interface) genutzt werden und dient deshalb jedem Produzenten ein wenig anders, seine Kreativität in die Tat umzusetzen (Menzel, 2005). Manche Programme können jedoch für einen gewissen Zeitraum, vor allem bezogen auf den letzten Punkt, das Potential vorweisen, eine gewisse Art von Kreativität vorzutäuschen (Menzel, 2005, S. 163). Davon, dass die Technik durch voreingestellte Sequenzen und Programme nun jeden zum „Kreativen Genie“ macht, ist nach Menzel‘s (2005) Ansicht abzusehen. Neben Personen, die eine bestimmte Vorstellung haben, wie das Stück zu klingen hat, ist es aber auch die Technik, die Ideen verwirklicht (Menzel, 2005, S. 163).

„Die Personen können für die Komposition, das Arrangement, die Interpretation, die Tontechnik oder die Produktion verantwortlich sein, aber die Letztverantwortung für die Beschaffenheit des endgültigen Produkts verlagerte sich mit fortschreitender Verbesserung der Aufnahmetechnik immer mehr in die Richtung der Produktion, also der Überwachung und Gestaltung des gesamten Aufnahmeprozesses.“ – (Alfred Smudits; in: von Appen, 2003, S. 67)

Somit muss der Ton selbst nicht mehr erzeugt werden, sondern die Vergleichbarkeit von Sounds und deren Arrangement wird zu einem größer werdenden Bestandteil des musikalischen Schaffens (Menzel, 2005, S. 152ff.).

Quellen:

Grimmer, F. (1991). Wege und Umwege zur Musik: Klavierausbildung und Lebensgeschichte. Kassel [u.a.]: Bärenreiter. S. 129f

Menzel, K. H. (2005). PC-Musiker: Der Einsatz computergestützter Recording-Systeme im Amateursektor. Osnabrück: Electronic Publ.

Smudits, A. (2003). A Journey into Sound. Zur Geschichte der Musikproduktion, der Produzenten und der Sounds. In: von Appen, R. (2003). Pop sounds: Klangtexturen in der Pop- und Rockmusik ; basics – stories – tracks. Bielefeld: Transcript-Verl