{"id":3305,"date":"2020-12-21T14:17:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-21T14:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/desres20.netornot.at\/?p=3305"},"modified":"2021-02-02T17:27:46","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T17:27:46","slug":"data-code-design-was-ist-abstrakte-datenvisualisierung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/desres20.netornot.at\/?p=3305","title":{"rendered":"DATA, code, design | Daten-Visualisierung, Art + Science = ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"font-size:23px\"><strong><strong>Definitionssuche<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201eMit <strong>Visualisierung<\/strong> oder <strong>Veranschaulichung<\/strong> (Sichtbarmachen) meint man im Allgemeinen, abstrakte Daten (z.&nbsp;B. Texte) und Zusammenh\u00e4nge in eine graphische bzw. visuell erfassbare Form zu bringen.\u201c <\/em><br><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visualisierung\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visualisierung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8220;<strong>Data visualization<\/strong> (often abbreviated data viz<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_visualization#cite_note-Biz2Comm_20161005-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>) is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Graphics\">graphic<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Representation_(arts)\">representation<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data\">data<\/a>. It is a particularly efficient way of communicating when the data is numerous as for example a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_Series\">Time Series<\/a>. From an academic point of view, this representation can be considered as a mapping between the original data (usually numerical) and graphic elements (for example, lines or points in a chart). The mapping determines how the attributes of these elements vary according to the data. In this light, a bar chart is a mapping of the length of a bar to a magnitude of a variable. Since the graphic design of the mapping can adversely affect the readability of a chart,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_visualization#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> mapping is a core competency of Data visualization. Data visualization has its roots in the field of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics\">Statistics<\/a> and is therefore generally considered a branch of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Descriptive_Statistics\">Descriptive Statistics<\/a>. However, because both design skills and statistical and computing skills are required to visualize effectively, it is argued by some authors that it is both an Art and a Science.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_visualization#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>&#8220;<\/em>  <br><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_visualization\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_visualization<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:23px\"><strong>Art + Science = Informationdesign? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Als Informations Designer und angehender Communication Designer trifft diese Definition den Nagel f\u00fcr mich auf den Kopf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201e<strong>Information design<\/strong> is the practice of presenting information in a way that fosters an efficient and effective understanding of the information. The term has come to be used for a specific area of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Graphic_design\">graphic design<\/a> related to displaying information effectively, rather than just attractively or for artistic expression. Information design is closely related to the field of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_visualization\">data visualization<\/a> and is often taught as part of graphic design courses.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_design#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> The broad applications of information design along with its close connections to other fields of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Design\">design<\/a> and communication practices have created some overlap in the definitions of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communication_design\">communication design<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_visualization\">data visualization<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_architecture\">information architecture<\/a>.\u201d<\/em> <br><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_design\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_design\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_design <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Wenn man von solchen multidisziplin\u00e4r erstellten Diagrammen spricht, spricht man meist von solchen: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Line chart &nbsp;<\/li><li>Bar chart<\/li><li>Histogram<\/li><li>Scatterplot<\/li><li>Boxplot<\/li><li>Pareto chart<\/li><li>Pie chart<\/li><li>Area chart<\/li><li>Control chart<\/li><li>Run chart<\/li><li>Stem-and-leaf display<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Cartogram<\/li><li>Small multiple<\/li><li>Sparkline<\/li><li>Table<\/li><li>Marimekko chart<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Charles Joseph Minard<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wenn wir von Informationsgrafik sprechen wird oft auf den &#8220;Erfinder&#8221; Charles Joseph Minard (1781 \u2013 1870) verwiesen. Minard gilt als \u201ea cartographic pioneer in many respects\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bereits 1825 studierte Minard Passagierfl\u00fcsse\/Frachtfl\u00fcsse im Schienenverkehr und hat hierzu Balkendiagramme angefertigt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c5\/Projet_de_canal_et_de_chemin_de_fer_pour_le_transport_des_pav%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_Paris%2C_1826.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>Minards erste statistische Grafik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1845 visualisierte Minard die erste und revolution\u00e4re <strong>Flow-Map<\/strong>, welche von Edward Tufte als \u201evermutlich beste Infografik aller Zeiten\u201c bezeichnet wird. Sie zeigt den Stra\u00dfenverkehr zwischen Dijon und Mulhouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/94\/Carte_de_la_circulation_des_voyageurs_par_voitures_publiques_sur_les_routes_de_la_contr%C3%A9e_o%C3%B9_sera_plac%C3%A9_le_chemin_de_fer_de_Dijon_%C3%A0_Mulhouse%2C_1845.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>Minards erste Flow-Grafik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Seine Infografik, sp\u00e4ter bekannt als <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sankey_diagram\">Sankey diagram<\/a>, zeigt Napoleons Russlandfeldzug 1812 in der \u201e<em><a href=\"http:\/\/patrimoine.enpc.fr\/document\/ENPC01_Fol_10975?image=54#bibnum\">Carte figurative des pertes successives en hommes de l&#8217;Arm\u00e9e Fran\u00e7aise dans la campagne de Russie 1812\u20131813<\/a>\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe original description in French accompanying the map translated to English:<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Joseph_Minard#cite_note-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><br>Figurative Map of the successive losses in men of the French Army in the Russian campaign 1812\u20131813. <br>Drawn by M. Minard, Inspector General of Bridges and Roads (retired). Paris, November 20, 1869.<br>The numbers of men present are represented by the widths of the colored zones at a rate of one millimeter for every ten thousand men; they are further written across the zones. The red designates the men who enter Russia, the black those who leave it. \u2014 The information which has served to draw up the map has been extracted from the works of M. M. Thiers, de S\u00e9gur, de Fezensac, de Chambray and the unpublished diary of Jacob, the pharmacist of the Army since October 28th.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to better judge with the eye the diminution of the army, I have assumed that the troops of Prince J\u00e9r\u00f4me and of Marshal Davout, who had been detached at Minsk and Mogilev and have rejoined near Orsha and Vitebsk, had always marched with the army.\u201c <br><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Joseph_Minard \">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Joseph_Minard <\/a><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/29\/Minard.png\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>Minards Infografik \u00fcber Napoleons Russlandfeldzug<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Definitionssuche \u201eMit Visualisierung oder Veranschaulichung (Sichtbarmachen) meint man im Allgemeinen, abstrakte Daten (z.&nbsp;B. Texte) und Zusammenh\u00e4nge in eine graphische bzw. visuell erfassbare Form zu bringen.\u201c https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visualisierung &#8220;Data visualization (often abbreviated data viz[1]) is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data. 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